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Why We Watch Scary Movies

There are many reasons why we watch scary movies.

Psychological research finds a strong correlation between the desire to watch suspenseful or scary entertainment and the viewer’s high need for physical arousal or excitement. So, some of us watch scary films for the thrill of it. It's safe because we're watching it, not living it. The great master of horror, Alfred Hitchcock said, "People like to be scared when they feel safe."

Others may watch horror movies to root for old-fashioned virtues of morality and justice. Or to problem solve, by figuring out ways to escape terror. Or to revisit a trauma without having to relive it in real time. Then there are those who might watch to release their own aggressive or violent wishes in a more socially approachable way. By just watching it.

Research at King's College in London said that the key to a great scary movie is the balance between suspense and gore. If little is shown on screen it allows one's mind to invent the fright. According to the researchers, Jaws was the perfect scary movie because, "Steven Spielberg reached the optimum level perfectly allowing the viewer to see just enough blood to be scared of the Great White Shark, but not so much that it repulsed us."

Yup, I agree. "Jaws" is on my scariest movies list - and I haven't been more than waist deep in the ocean since seeing it in 1975.

So, in the spirit of Halloween, what's your favorite scary movie?


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How To Surgically Look Like Barbie


In the latest issue of O Magazine, model Katie Halchishick becomes the human diagram. Posing for photographer Matthew Rolston, her glamorous, Marilyn Monroe-type features are surgically outlined according to Barbie's proportions.

Here’s a breakdown of what she'd need done to be the kind of doll women aspire to: a brow lift, a jaw line shave, rhinoplasty, a cheek and neck reduction, a chin implant, scooped-out shoulders, a breast lift, liposuction on her arms, and tummy tuck, which would also have to be sculpted as if it were lined in whale-bone from the inside. And that’s just the half of her.

Halchishick doesn’t actually need or want any of these procedures. She’s proving a point: just because our distorted image of how a body should be is medically attainable, that doesn’t mean it should be attained.

I had a Barbie doll growing up, but I played with it only once or twice. She bothered me. Dressing her took too long, her shoes never stayed on and her hair felt rough and threadlike. I wonder if finding her undesirable was some kind of foreshadowing for things to come in my life. And don't get me started about Ken...


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Trend Alert: Suicide in Later Life Women

Though suicide is the most preventable kind of death, more than 3,000 people die by suicide each day—more than all the deaths caused by accidents, wars, and homicides around the world, combined.

The largest growing number of completed suicides is occurring in later life, more specifically with women aged 50 and older. A recent study has shown a staggering 49% rise in emergency room visits for drug-related suicide attempts by females of this age population. The lethal drugs of choice are narcotic pain relievers hydrocodone and oxycodone.

This research makes the case that late-life suicide is a cause for great concern that warrants ongoing attention from researchers, health care providers, policy makers, and society at large.

Related Facts

  • Suicide is a significant risk for anyone with a mental illness, but is exponentially higher for people with depression.
  • Women attempt suicide more than men.
  • The steep rise in abuse of “narcotic pain relievers” by women is considered a public health crisis.
  • Physical pain can often mask a depressive disorder
  • Prescriptions for anti-anxiety medication and antidepressant medication have tripled over the last decade, while the seeking of psychotherapy has significantly reduced. This suggests pills are valued more-so than skills.
  • Economic stress presses heavily on baby boomers, creating a sense of vulnerability with regard to financial security.

The hard and cold truth is that not all suicides are preventable. Though many individuals plan and even leave clues regarding their objective, there are others that act on impulse, leaving no indelible imprint of their intentions. It’s crucial for family and friends of a person who has died by suicide not to blame themselves for “not knowing”.

10 Tips to Offset This trend

1) Know risks for suicide. Awareness can help identify at-risk adults :
• Previous suicide attempt(s)
• History of depression or other mental illness
• Alcohol or drug abuse
• Family history of suicide or violence
• Physical illness
• Sudden loss or significant change
• Feeling alone

2) Understand the true definition of depression. It’s essential to understand that depression is not just a disorder of mood. It is a disorder of thinking which infects the clarity of the mind like a virus attacks the body. It weakens your defenses, cripples your resolve, and leaves you vulnerable to corrosive thoughts. If you think someone is depressed, don’t rely on them reaching out to you. Instead, be proactive. Call them. Check in. Visit in person. And if you feel worried about them, don’t hesitate to call for help (Police, Fire Department, Family/Friends).

3) Perfecting Diagnosis. Primary care physicians and other health providers need to recognize that physical pain is often a symptom of depression. Better detection, diagnosis and follow up care are needed. In addition, professionals who prescribe narcotics, or any kind of medication, should monitor the frequency of requested refills. Family members should also be aware. This helps to sequester the lethality of the drugs.

4) Understand your life-cycle. The mental and physical health needs of women vary across the life span. We need to teach women what to expect when these changes occur. For example, low levels of estrogen have been linked to suicidal behavior in women. As women age, many go through the emotional process of a “life review” (measuring what they’ve done in their life as mortality approaches), which can heighten sadness. Social connections can wane with age, so isolation is a common experience in later life. It’s vital to encourage women to take an active role in monitoring their own health, so if confronted with these developmental experiences, alternatives can be explored.

5) Find balance. Interpersonal stress is a risk factor for suicide. Illness, job loss, or any kind of adversity can shake one’s feeling of hope and resolve. It’s important for women to keep a healthy diet and get plenty of sleep. Getting a good 30 minutes a day of natural sunshine boosts melatonin – and exercise releases mood pleasing endorphins. If you notice that someone you love is under stress and not tending to self-care, consider this a significant setback and risk factor.

6) Connect with others. A loss of personal control is another issue related to suicidal thinking in older females. For example, women who no longer feel important or necessary to family and/or children, or who no longer feel useful can lapse into self-destructive thoughts. A central way to combat this is to reinvest socially with others. Be it volunteering, finding a low-stress part time job, joining a book club, the goal here is to form new connections and feelings of self worth.

7) Pills are not skills. We need to return to recommending psychotherapy for skill building and problem solving when it comes to mental illness. We live in a disposable society, where medication is seen the quick fix. Medication is a tremendous tool for dealing with suicide and depression, but it’s not sufficient enough to help women navigate the challenges that present in later-life.

8) Choose life affirming experiences. Make sure to activate your senses. Touch. See. Smell. Taste. Listen. Re-engage to the world and it will refuel you. The goal here is to redirect negative thinking to more positive kinds of experiences.

9) Stay away from alcohol and drugs. This includes recreational, over the counter and prescriptive. They can blur your thinking and loosen inhibition.

10) Have a safety plan at-the-ready. Knowing what to do if suicidal thinking occurs can reduce death by suicide. Identify triggers that may lead to a suicidal crisis, such as an anniversary of a loss, stress from work, or a love relationship. Also include contact numbers for the person's doctor or therapist, as well as friends and family members who will help in an emergency. It’s also a good idea to share this safety plan with others.


Reference:
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2011). DAWN report: Trends in emergency department visits for drug-related suicide attempts among females: 2005 and 2009. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, May 12, 1-6.




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October 10th is World Mental Health Day

World Mental Health Day has been celebrated annually on the 10th of October since 1992. Now in it's 19th year, this year's campaign is "Investing in Mental Health."

Here are some facts about mental health:

*The burden of mental disorders gives rise to huge social and economic consequences to individuals, their families and whole communities or populations.

*Neuropsychiatric disorders cause 1/3 of years lost due to disability worldwide and account for 13% of total disease burden.

*80% of the global burden of disease due to mental disorders is found in low- and middle-income countries.

*Among all disabilities, mental disorders are associated with the highest rates of unemployment, between 70% and 90%.

*Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide.

*33% of countries have no mental health budget.

*1 in 4 people will be affected by a mental disorder at some point in their lives.

*Every 40 seconds someone dies by suicide.

*4 out of 5 people with mental disorders in developing countries don’t receive treatment.

*Almost 50% of all mental disorders begin before the age of 14.


I blog for World Mental Health Day

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5 Myths about Antidepressant Medications



1. Antidepressants are “addictive”.

False. Antidepressants are not addictive in the way that most people would use the word. You don’t “crave” your antidepressant. However, the medicine that gets introduced to your central nervous system becomes something your body recognizes each day. So stopping medication without the guidance from a professional can cause your body to react to the loss of these neurotransmitters. This experience, called discontinuation syndrome, can be avoided completely when proper dosage-stopping is observed.

2. Antidepressants are “happy pills”.

False. Antidepressants are not "uppers." Unlike drugs like speed or ecstasy which improve the mood of anyone who takes them, antidepressants only improve the mood of people with a mood disorder. So if someone who isn't depressed takes antidepressants, the only change they'll notice will be possible side effects...which, really, are not very happy inducing.

3. Antidepressants are a "quick fix" and don't really cure depression.

False. One thing antidepressants surely aren’t is quick. Most take a minimum of four to six weeks to work. And they are not meant to "fix" your depression, per se. Most people with depression need to address social and environmental issues that contribute to their depression. Treatment for depression is a two-step process: 1) Antidepressants change brain chemistry 2) As mood improves, healthier lifestyle choices and problem solving occurs.

4. Antidepressants will change your personality.

False. Antidepressants normalize the mood ranges of children and adults who have a mood disorder. Who you are doesn’t change, so your personality stays intact. Antidepressant medication lifts my sadness, which then allows me to be who I fully am. I’m not a different person because I take antidepressant medication. I’m me, only better.

5. Once you start taking antidepressants, you're on them for the rest of your life.

False. For the majority of people, this is not true. Many who take antidepressant medication will stop their prescription when recovery from depression occurs. This clinical state of recovery takes about a year or so to achieve. Antidepressants have been shown to re-adjust brain activity, so those who follow their treatment regime to the letter, often don’t need to remain on medication. But there are some, like me, who must remain on medication, indefinitely. I’ve discontinued medication twice only to find depressive symptoms returning. So, I’m a lifer. And that’s fine with me, because I feel great.



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Blogthings: Happy Pattern Quiz



My Happy Pattern




You can't help but think outside the box. As far as you're concerned, you don't even know where the box is.

You have a delightful and colorful inner world. People would be stunned if they could see inside your head.

You get a lot of laughter out of life, and others are surprised by how easy it is to make you happy.

You have no desire to lead or follow. You prefer to not be a part of the crowd.





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9/11: Ten Years Later


• Ten years later, 95% of the 3000 survivors of the World Trade Center continue to experience significant PTSD.

• Ten years later, mental health statistics show that PTSD and depression are not just experienced by those at ground zero or those who lost a loved one, were first responders or engaged in cleanup or recovery. Data shows that millions who witnessed the event continue to suffer psychological consequences.

• Ten years later, parents who had been highly exposed to 9/11-related trauma experience significant panic and anxiety than low-exposed parents.

• Ten years later, the brain biology of children and adults who were in close proximity to the disaster remain in a hypervigilant state.

• Ten years later, studies polling public opinion suggest that the country lacks confidence with news information and with reporting of intelligence obtained.

• Ten years later, uneasiness still lingers for plane crews and travelers alike.

• Ten years later, a team of scientists are still working full time to identify 9/11 victim remains.

• Ten years later, cancer rates continue to skyrocket around the World Trade Center perimeter.

• Ten years later, political discourse persists, leaving many Americans doubting governmental officials and policymakers

• Ten years later, youth growing up in the shadow of 9/11 are more mistrusting of the world around them.


Tips to Offset These Trends

• When dealing with trauma, it’s vital to know about the Anniversary Effect. Sometimes called an Anniversary Reaction, this psychological event sets into motion unsettling feelings, thoughts or memories that occur on the anniversary of a significant experience (i.e. Divorce, Death, Trauma, and Disaster). It’s very common to have strong emotional reactions weeks before an anniversary date, and continue even afterwards. This is an expected reactive state, so know that there’s nothing wrong with you. Understanding the anniversary effect can help you make sense of the emotional turmoil you’re experiencing.

• Historical disasters, traumas or crises receive significant media coverage. Often, media outlets revisit distressing imagery. Limit your watching of TV, reading of newspapers and visiting of Internet news sites around those dates. Secondary trauma, also called Vicarious Trauma, is when you witness an event that causes you distress. As the anniversary of 9/11 approaches, also limit your exposure from others who can’t refrain from talking about the event. Make it a no-drama day.

• You don’t have to feel imprisoned by a distressing experience of the past. Create a shield of resilience. Make sure you take good care of yourself during these times. Self-care, support and comfort will ground you as you move through a difficult trauma. Express your memories and feelings by talking with a family member or friend, writing or using physical activity to de-stress. Other ways to express your inner experiences can include the creative arts. These activities can re-set brain biology and soften hypervigilance.

• If you find that you're struggling with trauma, remember that you're not alone. Loss affects each of us differently, so don't put a time limit on your grief. Don’t compare the trajectory of your recovery to anyone else’s. What 9/11 has shown the mental health community is that there’s no finite time-line for healing.

• Though studies show that parents who were directly exposed to 9/11 are over-reactive, the data shows that their kids generally don’t follow suit. If you can’t reel your panic or worries in about every day matters, know that your child is less impressionable than you think. Kids have a keen ability to know when something is worry-worthy.

• When curious about world events, get information from various sources, including out- of-the-country news programming. This will help you get a more balanced perspective of news worthy information.

• Consider taking the pain of this anniversary date and turning it into a day of service or memorial. Don’t linger on the helplessness or hopelessness this day evoked for yourself, your family or the country. Be determined to mark the day in a positive way.

• When traveling, empower yourself with facts grounded in reality. For example, air travel is statistically the safest mode of transportation. To help yourself feel confident, make sure you follow travel guidelines and conform to safety standards. And remember that not all anxiety is bad. Being attentive, even a bit nervous, can be a good thing. It enables you – and others – to be watchful and self-protective.

• While some may have found a sense of closure with the events of 9/11, there are others who are still in a state of prolonged grief or trauma. Be respectful and compassionate. Don’t shame or blame a person for not being able to “get over” this crisis.

• When it comes to getting aid or governmental funding for your health care as a 9/11 survivor, don’t let bureaucratic obstacles sideline your well-being. Continue going for your treatments while others tend to dealing with the procedural or legislative delays.

• Trauma dislodges the bond we have to others. Though terrorism can unsettle anyone’s foundation of trust, it’s important to help those shaken by 9/11 understand that the evil acts of few are not in the heart of many. This is especially true for children who have grown up alongside the specter of 9/11.


Resources

Block-Elkon, Y. (2011). The Polls—Trends: Public Perceptions and the Threat of International Terrorism after 9/11. Public Opinion Quarterly, 75(1) 366-392.

Brandon, S. E. (2011). Impacts of psychological science on national security agencies post-9/11. American Psychologist, 66, doi:10.1037/a0024818

Eisenberg, N., & Silver, R. C. (2011). Growing up in the shadow of terrorism: Youth in America after 9/11. American Psychologist, 66 doi:10.1037/a0024619

Ganzel, B. et. al (2011). The aftermath of 9/11: Effect of intensity and recency of trauma on outcome. Emotion, 7(2), 227-238.

Lindstrom, K.M et. al. (2011). Attention orientation in parents exposed to the 9/11 terrorist attacks and their children . Psychiatry Research, 187 (1,2) 261-266.

Neria, Y., DiGrande, L., & Adams, B. G. (2011). Posttraumatic stress disorder following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks: A review of the literature among highly exposed populations. American Psychologist,66, doi:10.1037/a0024791



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